Hypothalamic Disorders - By: keelinorla

Normal menstrual function is the result of a complex interaction between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries and endometrium. Any interruption of this axis at any point may lead to disordered menstruation. Many types of menstrual disorders occur in adult women who have normal sexual maturation. These disorders include absence of menstruation (amenorrhea); painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea); dysfunctional uterine bleeding (anovulatory bleeding); excessive blood loss during each menstrual cycle (menorrhagia); and irregular bleeding (metrorrhagia).

The brain produces a stress reaction when you are in a situation that is physically or mentally demanding. Stress is normal. Some stress is good for you as it keeps you alert and protects you in times of danger or when you need to act or think quickly. For example, physical training to keep fit places stress on your body, but that stress has a beneficial effect provided you don't overdo it. Feeling a bit stressed about impending examinations is normal. It usually helps to focus your energy into revising well.

The differences between normal resistance and PTSD symptoms originate from different sources. One researcher points out that in resistance the prolonged stressor stimulates an increased release of CRH by hypothalamic neurons whose axons terminate on capillary beds in the infundibulum. However, it is thought that PTSD symptoms may arise from an activation of the fear-related brain systems such as the amygdala and its neuronal projections into the brain stem, hypothalamus and medulla, which ultimately produce exaggerated SNS activity' and do not switch into the PNS pathways.

Cortisol excess as a result of organic causes or prolonged cortisone therapy also has an adverse effect on growth in children. This effect is produced by direct action on growing cartilage, interference with production of somatomedin. Because of the growth, suppressing effect of cortisone in excess of minimal requirements, therapy limited to short-term administration whenever possible.

The secretion of thyroid hormone is controlled by thyroid-stimulating hormone of the anterior pituitary, which in turn is regulated by the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF). This negative feedback mechanism follows the same priniciples as were described earlier. Consequently hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may result from a defect in the target gland or from a disturbance in the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormones or throtropin-releasing factor.

Chronic fatigue is described as the extended lack of physical, intellectual, and emotional energy. Chronic fatigue is not cured through a simple rest or sleep it's said that a complete change in habit is required to get back on track. The signs of chronic exhaustion are sore throat, pain or weakness in joints and muscles, headaches, restless sleep, problems with concentration and short term memory. The mind can be either a big source of energy or a major waste of it. In order to release the natural energy that is inherent in all of our bodies, you would have to be more familiar to the cycles of nature.

It is much more effective to move around, rub your hands together or put on extra clothes if you are feeling cold. Similarly, if you are too warm you might remove some clothing or fan yourself to cool down. These motivated behaviours demonstrate that in contrast to a fixed stimulus response, motivated behaviour stimulated by the hypothalamus has a variable relationship between input and output. This interaction with our external environment may be a 'choice', however it is clear that the motivation to make these choices has a biological basis.

PTSD is a natural emotional reaction to a deeply shocking and disturbing experience. It is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is defined in DSM-IV, the fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.

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