Digestive System- Realization of Digestion - By: Mark Richard

Digestive System or Digestive is the set of organs that make the digestion of all those filth what you come and dropping ends unpleasantness the end. The digestive system is divided into three parts: upper gastrointestinal tract, lower gastrointestinal tract and accessory glands.

The digestive is the system that, in humans, is responsible for obtaining the food ingested the nutrients required for different functions body. As growth, Energy reproduction, locomotion etc... It consists of a set of bodies whose function is the realization of digestion.

The inner surface, or mucosa, this region has, in addition to many folds higher, millions of tiny folds, called villi (increases the surface of intestinal absorption). The membranes of the cells themselves intestinal epithelium have, in turn, microscopic folds called microvillus. The small intestine also absorbs water intake, ions and vitamins. It is divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

* Small Intestine
- Duodenum: Divided into four parts with C-shaped, is in the duodenum pancreatic (neutralizes acidity of chyme and makes the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fat) and bile secretion (emulsification of fats) act by attacking the chime and turn into pounds. Possess the Brunner's glands that secrete mucus on the walls of the small intestine.
- Jejunum: Starts the absorption of nutrients. It continued the duodenum, so named because whenever you open appears empty.
- Ileum: It is the last segment of the small intestine makes up the jejunum. Is named by relationship hipbone. It is narrower and their coats are thinner and less vascular than the jejunum.
* Large Intestine: Divided into four parts: cecum, colon, appendix and rectum. It is the site of water absorption, both the intake and the digestive secretions. Gland mucosa of the large intestine secretes mucus, which lubricates the stool, facilitating their transit and elimination through the anus. Very strong peristaltic waves, termed waves of mass, may occur and are capable of propelling the stool, which strengthen more and more toward the final portions of the digestive tract: colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.
- Appendix: It is a small tubular extension ending in blind bottom.
- Cecum: It is the initial portion of the bowel segment of higher caliber, which communicates with the ileum. To prevent reflux of material from the small intestine, there is a valve located at the junction of the ileum with the cecum. At the bottom of the cecum find a tip call vermicular appendix.
- Colon: It is the middle region, a segment that extends from the cecum to the anus.
- Sigmoid: The sigmoid or pelvic portion is the section of intestine that connects the transverse portion of that to the rectum. It is named for its sigmoid appearance that resembles the letter "S" of the Greek alphabet (sigma). The pelvic portion name refers to the region where it is.

It is characterized by being a part of the intestine in which bowel movements are more pressure on the bolus in order to solidify it and turn it into stool.

* Straight: It is the final part of the digestive tract and ends in the anal canal. He generally has three folds in it and is a well-vascularized region. Can be assessed by digital rectal examination, retoscopia or retosigmoideoscopia. It is in the anal canal that occur piles that are nothing more than varicose veins inferior rectal.
* Anus: Controls the output of feces, located at the edge of the large intestine

Accessory glands- In the digestive tract are associated with glands that produce digestive juices rich in enzymes and other substances that help dissolve the food. The livers intervene, even if it produces no digestive juice, but rather the bile which acts as emulsifier (helps break down fat into small droplets so as to facilitate the absorption, i.e., digestion). Glands / organs / structures are attached:
* Salivary glands
* Gastric glands (the inner wall of the stomach)
* Intestinal glands (the inner wall of the small intestine)
* Pancreas
* Liver

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