At first the lenses were made of any transparent stone: rock crystal - By: fandydu

Credit for the perfection of glass lenses to aid sight is given to America. Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals in 1784, and since that day the science has advanced to the point of modern marvels. The first contact lenses were invented, however, by a German lens-maker in 1887 to protect the eyeball of a client from a diseased lid

The Story of Joseph Haydn,Joseph Haydn was born in a tiny Austrian village. His father made wagon wheels, and until the age of six, Haydn's musical background consisted of folksongs his father loved to sing and the peasant dances that whirled around him on festive occasions. Haydn's eager response to music was recognized, and he was sent to live with a relative who gave him basic music lessons for two years. At eight, he went to Vienna to serve as a choirboy in the Cathedral of St. Stephen. There, though his composition lessons or for perfecting an instrumental technique. And when his voice changed, Haydn was dismissed from St. Stephen's and turned out on the street without a penny. He managed to stay alive by giving music lessons to children for about eight years. Throughout those years he struggled to teach himself composition and also took odd jobs, including playing violin in the popular Viennese street bands that offered evening entertainment. Gradually, aristocratic patrons of music began to notice Haydn's talent. For a brief time he was music director at the court of Bohemian count, but the orchestra was dissolved because of his patron's financial problems. At the age of twenty-nine,Haydn's life changed for the better, forever .

In 1761, Haydn entered the service of the Esterhazy¡¯s, which was the richest and most powerful of the noble Hungarian families. As a highly skilled servant, Haydn composed most of his music for performances in the palaces of the family. He was to compose all the music requested by his patron, conduct an orchestra of about twenty-five players, coach singers, and oversee the condition of instruments and the operation of the music library. Thought today it seems degrading for a genius to be dependent on the will of a prince, in the eighteenth century patronage was taken for granted. Composers had definite advantages in that they received a steady income and their works were performed.

Over a period of twenty years, Haydn's mu-sic became immensely popular all over Europe. After the death of Prince Nicholas Esterhazy in 1790, Haydn was free to go to London where a concert series was planned around his compositions. And so, a servant had become a celebrity. Rich and honored, Haydn returned to Vienna in 1795. He died in 1809 at the age of seventy-seven when Napoleon's army occupied Vienna.

Looking back on that horrible summer links of london, I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely offset^ the bad. Worse than normal wouldn't last long. I am owed and savor the halcyon10 times. They reinvigorate me for the next nasty surprise and offer assurance that I can thrive. The 50-percent theory even helps me see hope beyond my Royals' recent slump, a field of struggling rookies sown so that some year soon we can reap an October harvest.

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The first spectacles in England were hugely ridiculed links London sweetie bracelets. Physicians scorned them and feared them, and stuck to their eye ointments and lotions. The clergy violently opposed them, saying it was impertinent defiance against the hand of Cod to try to restore failing sight. But the fame of spectacles spread

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